Samples For "NURSING"

A 23-year-old attends a clinic enquiring about a treatment for an eyebrow lift. The patient feels their eyebrows are very low-set thus making them look constantly tired and unattractive, these flaws have stopped them going out and socialising. The patient has brought a picture of a friend, who has nicely arched eyebrows, and explains they would like to achieve the same outcome. The practitioner undertakes a full medical consultation and establishes that the patient has recently received treatments with botulinum toxin to help lift their eyebrows as well as dermal filler treatments to their tear trough and temples. The patient expresses that they have not been happy with previous treatments, as the product does not seem to last or improve their appearance. The patient is now requesting more treatment in the hope that the practitioner can give them the long-lasting arched eyebrows they desire.

A patient has been treated for the first time with 100 units of botulinum toxin to the forehead and glabellar regions, and 2 ml of hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal filler with lidocaine to the mid face. On completion of the treatment, the patient informs the practitioner that they are starting to feel unwell. On further examination, the practitioner observes the patient to be presenting with clear signs and symptoms of a systemic anaphylactic reaction. 

You are required to analyse the potential signs and symptoms of an anaphylactic reaction and justify the control measures that should be put in place to mitigate the risk of this occurring. Approximate word count: 1000 words. 

Identify a specific case study from your recent clinical practice that you have had a concern, or an inquiry related to a patient safety issue directly related to nursing practice. THEN:

1. Briefly summarise your selected case study (150 words)

2. Formulate two clinical research questions related to your inquiry and explain how each of these two questions can help you to find different types of research evidence (quantitative and qualitative research evidence)

3. Find research evidence: Choose ONE of the two above questions, and complete the following activities, supported with evidence from the literature (750 words)

4. Briefly reflect on the process you have followed /conducted, supported with evidence from the literature (200 words)

5. References

Your case study you choose should be

• Relates to patient safety issues

• Directly related to nursing practice.

• From your practice placement OR your clinical workplace OR your experience as a patient, family member or friend.

Excluded topic:

• Hand hygiene

• Pharmacological topics that do not directly relate to nursing practice

• Falls prevention

• Questions and articles used as examples in learning materials, e.g. tutorials, lectures and online workshops, assessment instructions.

QUESTION:

A nurse is assessing a client who is one day postpartum and is being monitored for preeclampsia.

Which clinical manifestation would indicate the client is recovering?

• A. Weight gain of 1 kilogram (2.2 pounds) in the past 24 hours
• B. Decreased urinary output
• C. Increased protein in the urine
• D. Increased urinary output

 Correct Answer: D. Increased urinary output

Explanation:

During preeclampsia, poor kidney perfusion leads to low urine output, fluid retention, and proteinuria.
The first sign of recovery is diuresis (increased urine output), which shows that the kidneys are regaining function, excess fluid is being excreted, and the body is stabilizing.

• Weight gain = ongoing fluid retention (not recovery).

• Decreased urine output = worsening kidney function.

• Proteinuria = active disease still present.

 For a complete breakdown of recovery signs, nursing interventions, and NCLEX tips, read the full article here:
 Preeclampsia Recovery: Key Signs Every Nurse Should Know

Question

The nurse is supervising a newly hired nurse administer prescribed medications via a double-lumen nasogastric tube (NGT) with an air vent. Which action by the newly hired nurse requires follow-up? The newly-hired nurse

A. irrigates the air vent before medication administration with water.
B. contacts the pharmacy to obtain available medications in liquid form.
C. flushes the NGT between medications with water.
D. administers each medication separately through the NGT.

CORRECT ANSWER:

A. irrigates the air vent before medication administration with water.

EXPLANATION:

• The air vent of a double-lumen NGT (often called the Salem sump tube) is not meant for irrigation. Its purpose is to prevent the tube from adhering to the stomach lining by allowing continuous airflow. Flushing the air vent with water can lead to malfunction or leakage of gastric contents.

• The other options (B, C, D) reflect correct nursing practices:

  • Using liquid meds when possible reduces tube clogging.

  • Flushing between meds prevents drug interactions and keeps the tube patent.

  • Administering meds separately ensures accurate absorption and monitoring of effects.                                                                                                           FOR EASE OF REMEMBERANCE

Mnemonic: “FLUID”

F – Flush between meds with water

L – Liquid meds preferred to prevent clogging

U – Use separate administration (don’t mix meds together)

I – Irrigate only the tube, NOT the air vent

D – Double-check orders for compatibility and form

The nurse is preparing a class for antepartum clients on fetal development. Which of the following statements is true regarding fetal circulation?

Select all that apply.

• A. There are high pressures in the fetal lungs causing decreased pulmonary circulation.

• B. Blood shunts from left to right in the fetal circulation.

• C. The ductus venosus allows freshly oxygenated blood to go to the fetal brain first.

• D. There are higher pressures in the right atrium in the fetal circulation.

• E. After birth, the fetal circulation system undergoes significant changes as the baby begins to breathe.

CORRECT ANSWER 

A, C, D, and E

EXPLANATION. 

• A. There are high pressures in the fetal lungs causing decreased pulmonary circulation.
   True — Because the fetal lungs are fluid-filled and not used for gas exchange, pulmonary vascular resistance is high, which limits blood flow through the lungs.

• B. Blood shunts from left to right in the fetal circulation.
   False — In fetal circulation, shunting goes right to left through the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus to bypass the lungs.

• C. The ductus venosus allows freshly oxygenated blood to go to the fetal brain first.
   True — Oxygen-rich blood from the placenta passes through the ductus venosus into the inferior vena cava, then preferentially flows toward the brain and heart.

• D. There are higher pressures in the right atrium in the fetal circulation.
   True — Because the pulmonary circulation is constricted, blood returning from the body and placenta causes higher right atrial pressure compared to the left.

• E. After birth, the fetal circulation system undergoes significant changes as the baby begins to breathe.
   True — With the first breaths, pulmonary vascular resistance decreases, blood flows into the lungs, and shunts (foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus, ductus venosus) close.

A nurse is performing disaster triage at a field hospital following a structural collapse. Advanced life support resources are limited.

Which client should be assigned a black tag?

• A. A client with a penetrating head wound, unresponsive to pain, irregular respirations, and a fixed, dilated pupil

• B. A client with a chest wall bruise, shallow respirations, and tracheal deviation to the right

• C. A client with an open femur fracture, cool extremity, delayed capillary refill, and confusion

• D. A client who is found conscious, but unable to move the legs, with a distended abdomen and bruising across the lower torso                                                                         

 ANSWER:

The  answer is A E

Explanation

In disaster triage, a black tag is assigned to clients who are expected to die or are deceased, meaning they have injuries incompatible with life or require extensive resources that are not available in a mass-casualty setting.

• The client in option A shows signs of severe traumatic brain injury with no meaningful neurological response and irregular respirations, indicating nonsurvivable injuries.

• Other options (B, C, D) involve serious but potentially survivable injuries if treated, so they would not receive a black tag.

 So, A is the client who should be assigned a black tag.